AFP

Understanding Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) in Your Lab Results

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is typically produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In adults, AFP levels are usually low, but they can become elevated in certain medical conditions. Understanding your AFP levels can provide valuable insights into your health, particularly in the context of liver function and certain types of cancer.

What is AFP and Why is it Important?

AFP is a biomarker that is often measured in blood tests to help diagnose and monitor various health conditions. In pregnant women, AFP is part of the screening tests for fetal abnormalities. In non-pregnant adults, elevated AFP levels can indicate liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, and are also used as a tumor marker for certain cancers, including liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and germ cell tumors.

Factors Influencing AFP Levels

Several factors can influence AFP levels in the body. For pregnant women, AFP levels naturally rise as the pregnancy progresses. In adults, lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption and liver health can impact AFP levels. Maintaining a healthy liver through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding excessive alcohol can help keep AFP levels within a normal range. Additionally, certain medications and supplements may affect liver function and, consequently, AFP levels.

Medical Conditions Associated with Abnormal AFP Levels

Abnormal AFP levels can be a sign of various medical conditions. High AFP levels in adults may suggest liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. It can also indicate the presence of germ cell tumors, which can occur in the ovaries or testicles. In pregnant women, abnormal AFP levels can be associated with neural tube defects or other fetal abnormalities, although further testing is usually required to confirm any diagnosis.

Normal Ranges for AFP

The normal range for AFP levels can vary depending on the laboratory and the method used for testing. Generally, in non-pregnant adults, AFP levels are considered normal if they are below 10 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter). During pregnancy, the normal range can vary significantly based on the gestational age and other factors. It is important to discuss your specific AFP results with your healthcare provider to understand what they mean for your health.

Understanding your AFP levels can be an important part of monitoring your health, especially if you have risk factors for liver disease or certain types of cancer. Always consult with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive interpretation of your lab results and to discuss any necessary follow-up actions.